feat(ui): add transient loading indicator

docs/technical/map-lod.md

@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ This matters for `lafabrik`: adding `public/models/lafabrik-LOD/` is not enough
 To add LOD support for a model:
 
 1. Add the light model in `public/models/<name>-LOD/model.gltf`.
-2. Keep the regular model in `public/models/<name>/model.gltf`.
+2. Keep the regular model in `public/models/<name>/model.glb` or `public/models/<name>/model.gltf`.
 3. Add the mapping in `src/data/world/mapLodConfig.ts`.
 4. If the model uses a dedicated component, call `useMapLodModelPath()` in that component.
 5. Preload both paths when the component is dedicated and uses `useGLTF.preload()`.
-6. Verify the GLTF references: buffers, textures, opacity maps, and relative paths.
+6. Verify the GLTF/GLB references: buffers, textures, opacity maps, and relative paths.
 
 ## Current LOD Models
 

docs/technical/map-performance.md

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ This document tracks the current map-rendering performance pass.
 
 The first performance bottleneck was draw calls. Some assets were exported as many small GLTF primitives even when they used only a few materials.
 
-| Model            | Instances | Meshes / primitives | Notes                                                            |
-| ---------------- | --------: | ------------------: | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `generateur`     |         3 |                3152 | Worst draw-call offender. Needs asset-side mesh merging.         |
-| `lafabrik`       |         4 |                  56 | Moderate draw calls, heavy 2048 texture set.                     |
-| `ecole`          |         1 |                 107 | One material but many primitives; should be merged.              |
-| `fermeverticale` |         3 |                   1 | Geometry is fine; textures are large for the visible complexity. |
+| Model            | Instances | Meshes / primitives | Notes                                                                                |
+| ---------------- | --------: | ------------------: | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `generateur`     |         3 |                3152 | Worst draw-call offender. Needs asset-side mesh merging.                             |
+| `lafabrik`       |         4 |                 474 | High primitive count; current HD GLB has embedded geometry and no external textures. |
+| `ecole`          |         1 |                 107 | One material but many primitives; should be merged.                                  |
+| `fermeverticale` |         3 |                   1 | Geometry is fine; textures are large for the visible complexity.                     |
 
 `generateur` was especially expensive because three visible instances could multiply thousands of primitives into thousands of draw calls. Instancing reduces repeated instance cost, but the source asset still needs a cleaner export.
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Estimated source primitive count versus runtime merged groups:
 | `generateur` |              3152 |                     8 |
 | `ecole`      |               107 |                     2 |
 | `eolienne`   |               118 |                     8 |
-| `lafabrik`   |                56 |                    14 |
+| `lafabrik`   |               474 |                   ~77 |
 
 This is a code-side safety net, not a replacement for clean asset exports. Clean GLB exports with merged meshes and fewer textures remain the preferred long-term path.
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ Design/export should prioritize:
 1. Produce lower-poly `buisson`, `arbre`, `sapin`, and crop assets.
 2. Add LOD or billboard variants for far vegetation.
 3. Merge `generateur` meshes from 3152 primitives to a small number of material groups.
-4. Reduce `lafabrik` texture count and downscale flat/low-detail maps.
+4. Keep `lafabrik` exports texture-light, and merge repeated material primitives where possible.
 5. Merge `ecole` primitives because it uses a single material.
 6. Prefer runtime `.glb` or compressed runtime textures when the pipeline supports it.
 

docs/technical/scene-runtime.md

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ The loading progress in `HomePage` is monotonic:
 
 This prevents the overlay from jumping backward when nested loaders finish in a slightly different order.
 
+After the initial map boot is complete, late loading signals no longer reopen the full-screen loading overlay. Instead, `HomePage` shows the compact `AppLoadingIndicator` while the game remains visible. This is reserved for explicit runtime reload signals such as graphics preset changes, repair-state transitions, or late world loading events; chunk streaming intentionally does not drive this indicator.
+
 ## World Composition
 
 `src/world/World.tsx` is the main scene composer.

src/components/three/world/LaFabrikMapModel.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
 import { getMapLodModelPath } from "@/data/world/mapLodConfig";
 import { useMapLodModelPath } from "@/hooks/world/useMapLodModelPath";
 
-const LA_FABRIK_MODEL_PATH = "/models/lafabrik/model.gltf";
+const LA_FABRIK_MODEL_PATH = "/models/lafabrik/model.glb";
 const LA_FABRIK_LOD_MODEL_PATH = getMapLodModelPath("lafabrik");
 
 type LaFabrikMapModelProps = Omit<MergedStaticMapModelProps, "modelPath">;

src/components/ui/AppLoadingIndicator.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+interface AppLoadingIndicatorProps {
+  className?: string | undefined;
+  floating?: boolean;
+}
+
+export function AppLoadingIndicator({
+  className,
+  floating = false,
+}: AppLoadingIndicatorProps): React.JSX.Element {
+  const classes = [
+    "app-loading-indicator",
+    floating ? "app-loading-indicator--floating" : null,
+    className,
+  ]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join(" ");
+
+  return (
+    <div className={classes} role="status" aria-live="polite">
+      <span>Loading...</span>
+      <svg
+        className="app-loading-indicator__spinner"
+        viewBox="0 0 32 32"
+        aria-hidden="true"
+      >
+        <path
+          d="M16 3a13 13 0 1 1-9.2 3.8"
+          fill="none"
+          stroke="currentColor"
+          strokeLinecap="round"
+          strokeWidth="3.5"
+        />
+        <path
+          d="M6.8 6.8V2.8H2.8"
+          fill="none"
+          stroke="currentColor"
+          strokeLinecap="round"
+          strokeLinejoin="round"
+          strokeWidth="3.5"
+        />
+      </svg>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

src/components/ui/GameSettingsMenu.tsx

@@ -285,35 +285,36 @@ export function GameSettingsMenu(): React.JSX.Element | null {
                 </button>
               ))}
             </div>
-          </section>
 
-          <section
-            className="game-settings-menu__section game-settings-menu__section--right"
-            aria-labelledby="hand-tracking-settings-heading"
-          >
-            <div className="game-settings-menu__section-title">
-              <Hand size={16} aria-hidden="true" />
-              <h3 id="hand-tracking-settings-heading">Détection des mains</h3>
-            </div>
-            <div
-              className="game-settings-menu__choice-group game-settings-menu__choice-group--hand-tracking"
-              aria-label="Mode de détection des mains"
-            >
-              {HAND_TRACKING_OPTIONS.map((option) => (
-                <button
-                  key={option.source}
-                  type="button"
-                  className={
-                    handTrackingSource === option.source ? "active" : undefined
-                  }
-                  onClick={() => handleHandTrackingSourceChange(option.source)}
-                  aria-pressed={handTrackingSource === option.source}
-                >
-                  {option.icon}
-                  <span>{option.label}</span>
-                  <small>{option.description}</small>
-                </button>
-              ))}
+            <div className="game-settings-menu__subsection">
+              <div className="game-settings-menu__section-title">
+                <Hand size={16} aria-hidden="true" />
+                <h3 id="hand-tracking-settings-heading">Détection des mains</h3>
+              </div>
+              <div
+                className="game-settings-menu__choice-group game-settings-menu__choice-group--hand-tracking"
+                aria-labelledby="hand-tracking-settings-heading"
+              >
+                {HAND_TRACKING_OPTIONS.map((option) => (
+                  <button
+                    key={option.source}
+                    type="button"
+                    className={
+                      handTrackingSource === option.source
+                        ? "active"
+                        : undefined
+                    }
+                    onClick={() =>
+                      handleHandTrackingSourceChange(option.source)
+                    }
+                    aria-pressed={handTrackingSource === option.source}
+                  >
+                    {option.icon}
+                    <span>{option.label}</span>
+                    <small>{option.description}</small>
+                  </button>
+                ))}
+              </div>
             </div>
           </section>
         </div>

src/components/ui/SceneLoadingOverlay.tsx

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { AppLoadingIndicator } from "@/components/ui/AppLoadingIndicator";
 import type { SceneLoadingState } from "@/types/world/sceneLoading";
 
 const LOADING_BACKGROUND_PATH = "/assets/bg-site.png";
@@ -36,30 +37,7 @@ export function SceneLoadingOverlay({
       />
       <div className="scene-loading-overlay__footer">
         <div className="scene-loading-overlay__meta">
-          <div className="scene-loading-overlay__label">
-            <span>Loading...</span>
-            <svg
-              className="scene-loading-overlay__spinner"
-              viewBox="0 0 32 32"
-              aria-hidden="true"
-            >
-              <path
-                d="M16 3a13 13 0 1 1-9.2 3.8"
-                fill="none"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-                strokeLinecap="round"
-                strokeWidth="3.5"
-              />
-              <path
-                d="M6.8 6.8V2.8H2.8"
-                fill="none"
-                stroke="currentColor"
-                strokeLinecap="round"
-                strokeLinejoin="round"
-                strokeWidth="3.5"
-              />
-            </svg>
-          </div>
+          <AppLoadingIndicator className="scene-loading-overlay__label" />
           <strong>{progress}%</strong>
         </div>
         <div className="scene-loading-overlay__track">

src/data/galleryModels.ts

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export const galleryModels: GalleryModel[] = [
     path: "/models/habitant2-animated/model.gltf",
   },
   { id: "immeuble1", name: "Immeuble", path: "/models/immeuble1/model.gltf" },
-  { id: "lafabrik", name: "La Fabrik", path: "/models/lafabrik/model.gltf" },
+  { id: "lafabrik", name: "La Fabrik", path: "/models/lafabrik/model.glb" },
   { id: "maison1", name: "Maison", path: "/models/maison1/model.gltf" },
   {
     id: "packderelance",

src/hooks/ui/useTransientLoadingIndicator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+
+const DEFAULT_LOADING_DURATION_MS = 900;
+
+export function useTransientLoadingIndicator(): {
+  showLoading: (durationMs?: number) => void;
+  visible: boolean;
+} {
+  const [visible, setVisible] = useState(false);
+  const timeoutRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
+
+  const showLoading = useCallback(
+    (durationMs = DEFAULT_LOADING_DURATION_MS) => {
+      if (timeoutRef.current !== null) {
+        window.clearTimeout(timeoutRef.current);
+      }
+
+      setVisible(true);
+      timeoutRef.current = window.setTimeout(() => {
+        setVisible(false);
+        timeoutRef.current = null;
+      }, durationMs);
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return () => {
+      if (timeoutRef.current !== null) {
+        window.clearTimeout(timeoutRef.current);
+      }
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  return { showLoading, visible };
+}

src/index.css

@@ -869,6 +869,40 @@ canvas {
   box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.86);
 }
 
+.app-loading-indicator {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: clamp(8px, 1.2vw, 14px);
+  min-width: 0;
+  color: inherit;
+  font: inherit;
+  letter-spacing: inherit;
+  line-height: 1;
+  text-transform: inherit;
+}
+
+.app-loading-indicator--floating {
+  position: fixed;
+  bottom: clamp(22px, 5vh, 48px);
+  left: clamp(18px, 4vw, 56px);
+  z-index: 45;
+  color: #ffffff;
+  font-family: "Nersans One", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
+  font-size: clamp(16px, 2.3vw, 30px);
+  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+  pointer-events: none;
+  text-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+}
+
+.app-loading-indicator__spinner {
+  flex: 0 0 auto;
+  width: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 30px);
+  height: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 30px);
+  color: currentColor;
+  animation: app-loading-spin 900ms linear infinite;
+}
+
 .scene-loading-overlay {
   position: fixed;
   inset: 0;
@@ -947,14 +981,6 @@ canvas {
   min-width: 0;
 }
 
-.scene-loading-overlay__spinner {
-  flex: 0 0 auto;
-  width: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 30px);
-  height: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 30px);
-  color: #ffffff;
-  animation: scene-loading-spin 900ms linear infinite;
-}
-
 .scene-loading-overlay__meta strong {
   color: inherit;
   font: inherit;
@@ -976,7 +1002,7 @@ canvas {
   transition: width 180ms ease;
 }
 
-@keyframes scene-loading-spin {
+@keyframes app-loading-spin {
   to {
     transform: rotate(360deg);
   }
@@ -1219,12 +1245,10 @@ canvas {
   display: grid;
   place-items: center;
   padding: clamp(18px, 4vw, 42px);
-  background:
-    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(4, 10, 18, 0.72), rgba(2, 6, 12, 0.9)),
-    rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.82);
+  background: rgba(2, 8, 14, 0.28);
   color: #ffffff;
   pointer-events: auto;
-  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(8px) saturate(1.05);
 }
 
 .game-settings-menu__panel {
@@ -1236,12 +1260,13 @@ canvas {
   border: 1px solid rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.38);
   border-radius: 8px;
   background:
-    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(8, 20, 34, 0.98), rgba(3, 8, 14, 0.99)),
-    rgba(4, 8, 12, 0.99);
+    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(8, 20, 34, 0.84), rgba(3, 8, 14, 0.78)),
+    rgba(4, 8, 12, 0.74);
   box-shadow:
     0 28px 90px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.58),
     inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05),
     0 0 34px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.16);
+  backdrop-filter: blur(18px) saturate(1.12);
   scrollbar-width: thin;
   scrollbar-color: rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.55) transparent;
 }
@@ -1327,17 +1352,13 @@ canvas {
   padding: 14px;
   border: 1px solid rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.2);
   border-radius: 8px;
-  background: rgba(5, 14, 24, 0.78);
+  background: rgba(5, 14, 24, 0.58);
 }
 
 .game-settings-menu__section--wide {
   grid-column: 1 / -1;
 }
 
-.game-settings-menu__section--right {
-  grid-column: 2;
-}
-
 .game-settings-menu__section-title {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
@@ -1345,6 +1366,13 @@ canvas {
   color: #7dd3fc;
 }
 
+.game-settings-menu__subsection {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 10px;
+  padding-top: 10px;
+  border-top: 1px solid rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.16);
+}
+
 .game-settings-menu__section h3 {
   margin: 0;
   color: #dff7ff;
@@ -1422,7 +1450,7 @@ canvas {
   padding: 11px 12px;
   border: 1px solid rgba(125, 211, 252, 0.2);
   border-radius: 8px;
-  background: rgba(6, 18, 30, 0.84);
+  background: rgba(6, 18, 30, 0.7);
   color: #edfaff;
   cursor: pointer;
   font-size: 0.88rem;
@@ -1517,10 +1545,6 @@ canvas {
   .game-settings-menu__choice-group--presets {
     grid-template-columns: 1fr;
   }
-
-  .game-settings-menu__section--right {
-    grid-column: auto;
-  }
 }
 
 /* Debug overlay panels */

src/pages/page.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import { Suspense, useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { Suspense, useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useNavigate } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { Canvas } from "@react-three/fiber";
 import * as THREE from "three";
 import { DebugPerf } from "@/components/debug/DebugPerf";
 import { EbikeIntroSequence } from "@/components/game/EbikeIntroSequence";
+import { AppLoadingIndicator } from "@/components/ui/AppLoadingIndicator";
 import { DialogMessage } from "@/components/ui/DialogMessage";
 import { GameUI } from "@/components/ui/GameUI";
 import {
@@ -14,8 +15,10 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/ui/intro";
 import { SceneLoadingOverlay } from "@/components/ui/SceneLoadingOverlay";
 import { INITIAL_SCENE_LOADING_STATE } from "@/data/world/sceneLoadingConfig";
+import { useTransientLoadingIndicator } from "@/hooks/ui/useTransientLoadingIndicator";
 import { AudioManager } from "@/managers/AudioManager";
 import { useGameStore } from "@/managers/stores/useGameStore";
+import { useWorldSettingsStore } from "@/managers/stores/useWorldSettingsStore";
 import { HandTrackingProvider } from "@/providers/gameplay/HandTrackingProvider";
 import type { SceneLoadingState } from "@/types/world/sceneLoading";
 import { hasSiteBeenVisitedToday } from "@/utils/cookies/siteVisitCookie";
@@ -26,15 +29,31 @@ const LOADING_TO_VIDEO_FADE_MS = 500;
 
 export function HomePage(): React.JSX.Element | null {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const mainState = useGameStore((state) => state.mainState);
   const introStep = useGameStore((state) => state.intro.currentStep);
+  const ebikeStep = useGameStore((state) => state.ebike.currentStep);
+  const pylonStep = useGameStore((state) => state.pylon.currentStep);
+  const farmStep = useGameStore((state) => state.farm.currentStep);
   const setIntroStep = useGameStore((state) => state.setIntroStep);
+  const graphicsPreset = useWorldSettingsStore(
+    (state) => state.graphics.preset,
+  );
   const dialogMessage = useGameStore(
     (state) => state.missionFlow.dialogMessage,
   );
   const hideDialog = useGameStore((state) => state.hideDialog);
+  const { showLoading, visible: showTransientLoading } =
+    useTransientLoadingIndicator();
   const [sceneLoadingState, setSceneLoadingState] = useState<SceneLoadingState>(
     INITIAL_SCENE_LOADING_STATE,
   );
+  const sceneReadyRef = useRef(false);
+  const runtimeLoadingSignal = `${graphicsPreset}:${mainState}:${ebikeStep}:${pylonStep}:${farmStep}`;
+  const previousRuntimeLoadingSignalRef = useRef(runtimeLoadingSignal);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    sceneReadyRef.current = sceneLoadingState.status === "ready";
+  }, [sceneLoadingState.status]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!hasSiteBeenVisitedToday()) {
@@ -56,6 +75,11 @@ export function HomePage(): React.JSX.Element | null {
 
   const handleSceneLoadingStateChange = useCallback(
     (nextState: SceneLoadingState) => {
+      if (sceneReadyRef.current && nextState.status === "loading") {
+        showLoading();
+        return;
+      }
+
       setSceneLoadingState((currentState) => {
         if (currentState.status === "ready" && nextState.status === "loading") {
           return currentState;
@@ -67,9 +91,20 @@ export function HomePage(): React.JSX.Element | null {
         };
       });
     },
-    [],
+    [showLoading],
   );
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (previousRuntimeLoadingSignalRef.current === runtimeLoadingSignal) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    previousRuntimeLoadingSignalRef.current = runtimeLoadingSignal;
+    if (sceneLoadingState.status !== "ready") return;
+
+    showLoading();
+  }, [runtimeLoadingSignal, sceneLoadingState.status, showLoading]);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (introStep === "loading-map" && sceneLoadingState.status === "ready") {
       AudioManager.getInstance().stopMusic();
@@ -132,6 +167,8 @@ export function HomePage(): React.JSX.Element | null {
   const showFadeToVideoOverlay =
     introStep === "fade-to-video" ||
     (introStep === "loading-map" && sceneLoadingState.status === "ready");
+  const showSceneLoadingOverlay =
+    introStep === "loading-map" || introStep === "fade-to-video";
 
   const renderIntroOverlay = () => {
     if (showFadeToVideoOverlay) return <FadeToVideoOverlay />;
@@ -173,9 +210,12 @@ export function HomePage(): React.JSX.Element | null {
           onClose={hideDialog}
         />
       ) : null}
-      {(introStep === "loading-map" || introStep === "fade-to-video") && (
+      {showSceneLoadingOverlay ? (
         <SceneLoadingOverlay state={sceneLoadingState} />
-      )}
+      ) : null}
+      {showTransientLoading && !showSceneLoadingOverlay ? (
+        <AppLoadingIndicator floating />
+      ) : null}
       {renderIntroOverlay()}
       <EbikeIntroSequence />
     </HandTrackingProvider>